Across the six published trials, the most common adverse events were headache, mild gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea, flatulence, nausea), nasopharyngitis, fatigue, dizziness, and mild injection-site reactions
B12 injections bypass the digestive tract entirely and deliver the nutrient directly into the bloodstream
P21, a peptide derived from ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), increased new neurons in the dentate gyrus by 80% in research models
Its believed to promote musculoskeletal repair by upregulating growth factors, stimulating the formation of new blood vessels, or modulating nitric oxide synthesis, but no mechanism of action has been proven.34 TB4, however, has known mechanisms by which it speeds recovery from injury: inhibiting inflammation, preventing cell death, and (as suspected with BPC) promoting blood vessel formation.35 On top of the benefits for physical recovery, the ability to form new blood vessels points to promising implications for cardiovascular health
Supplementing with a safe dose of Biotin alongside your B12 injections will resolve this skin concern in many cases
However in contrast to popular belief high dose oral b12 can maintain b12 levels in AIAG or PA as 1% of B12 is absorbed independently of intrinsic factor
